1. What is the Sun Angle Equation?

The Sun Angle Equation calculates the altitude of the sun (α) based on the observer's latitude (φ), the sun's declination (δ), and the hour angle (H). This is fundamental for solar energy systems, architecture, and astronomy.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Sun Angle Equation:

Where:

• \( \alpha \) — Sun's altitude angle (degrees above horizon)
• \( \phi \) — Observer's latitude (degrees)
• \( \delta \) — Sun's declination (degrees)
• \( H \) — Hour angle (degrees from solar noon)

Explanation: The equation accounts for the spherical geometry of Earth-sun relationships, combining latitude, seasonal variation (declination), and time of day (hour angle).

3. Importance of Sun Angle Calculation

Details: Accurate sun angle calculation is crucial for solar panel positioning, building design (daylighting), agriculture, and understanding seasonal variations in sunlight.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips:

• Latitude: -90° (South Pole) to +90° (North Pole)
• Declination: -23.5° to +23.5° (varies seasonally)
• Hour angle: -180° to +180° (0° at solar noon)

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How do I find my latitude?
A: Use GPS coordinates or online mapping tools. Positive for north, negative for south.

Q2: What is typical declination value?
A: Varies by date: ~+23.5° at June solstice, ~-23.5° at December solstice, 0° at equinoxes.

Q3: How is hour angle calculated?
A: 15° per hour from solar noon (e.g., 10 AM = -30°, 2 PM = +30°).

Q4: What does negative altitude mean?
A: The sun is below the horizon (night time).

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: Very accurate for standard conditions. Atmospheric refraction can cause ~0.5° difference near horizon.