1. What is the Sun Angle Formula?

The Sun Angle Formula is a trigonometric equation used in celestial navigation to calculate the altitude of the sun above the horizon. It's particularly important in naval navigation for determining position at sea.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the standard sun angle formula:

Where:

• \( α \) — Sun altitude (angle above horizon)
• \( φ \) — Observer's latitude
• \( δ \) — Sun's declination
• \( H \) — Hour angle (time from local apparent noon)

Explanation: The formula accounts for the observer's position on Earth, the sun's position in the sky, and the time of day to calculate the sun's elevation.

3. Importance of Sun Angle Calculation

Details: Accurate sun angle calculation is crucial for celestial navigation, solar panel positioning, photography, and understanding solar radiation at different times of day.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter latitude in degrees (-90 to +90), declination in degrees (-23.5 to +23.5), and hour angle in degrees (0-180). All values must be valid numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the hour angle?
A: The hour angle is the angular distance of the sun east or west of the local meridian, with 15 degrees representing one hour of time.

Q2: How do I find the sun's declination?
A: Declination varies throughout the year and can be found in nautical almanacs or calculated using the date.

Q3: What is a typical sun altitude at noon?
A: At the equator during equinox, noon altitude is 90°. At other latitudes, it's 90° minus your latitude plus the declination.

Q4: Why is this important for navigation?
A: By measuring the sun's altitude at a known time and comparing it to calculated values, navigators can determine their position.

Q5: Can this be used for other celestial bodies?
A: The same principle applies to stars and planets, though their declinations and proper motions must be accounted for.