1. What is PSA Density?

PSA Density (PSAD) is the ratio of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level to prostate volume. It helps differentiate between benign prostate enlargement and prostate cancer when PSA levels are elevated.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the PSA Density formula:

Where:

• \( PSA \) — Prostate-specific antigen level (ng/mL)
• \( Prostate\ Volume \) — Volume of prostate gland (cc)

Explanation: PSAD adjusts the PSA value for prostate size, providing a more accurate assessment than PSA alone.

3. Importance of PSA Density

Details: PSAD helps evaluate prostate cancer risk. A PSAD ≥ 0.15 ng/mL/cc suggests higher likelihood of prostate cancer and may indicate need for biopsy.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter PSA in ng/mL and prostate volume in cc (from TRUS or MRI). Both values must be greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal PSA Density value?
A: Generally, PSAD < 0.15 ng/mL/cc is considered normal, while ≥ 0.15 suggests higher cancer risk.

Q2: How is prostate volume measured?
A: Typically via transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) or MRI, using the ellipsoid formula (length × width × height × π/6).

Q3: When is PSA Density most useful?
A: Particularly helpful when PSA is in the "gray zone" (4-10 ng/mL) to determine need for biopsy.

Q4: Are there limitations to PSA Density?
A: Accuracy depends on precise volume measurement. Less reliable with very large prostates or after certain prostate procedures.

Q5: Should PSA Density replace PSA testing?
A: No, it's a complementary tool that provides additional information when used with other clinical factors.