1. What is the Law of Reflection?

The Law of Reflection states that when a ray of light reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence (i) is equal to the angle of reflection (r). Both angles are measured from the normal (an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface at the point of reflection).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the simple formula:

Where:

• \( r \) — Reflection angle (degrees)
• \( i \) — Incidence angle (degrees)

Explanation: The reflection angle is always equal to the incidence angle when measured from the normal.

3. Importance of Reflection Angle

Details: Understanding reflection angles is crucial in optics, architecture, acoustics, and many engineering applications where controlling the path of light or sound is important.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the incidence angle in degrees (must be between 0 and 90 degrees). The calculator will output the reflection angle which will be equal to the input value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Does this law apply to all surfaces?
A: The law applies to smooth, flat surfaces (specular reflection). Rough surfaces produce diffuse reflection where the law still holds for individual microfacets.

Q2: What if the angle is greater than 90 degrees?
A: Incidence angles are typically measured between 0-90 degrees from the normal. Angles approaching 90 degrees represent grazing incidence.

Q3: Does the wavelength affect the reflection angle?
A: No, the reflection angle is independent of wavelength for ideal surfaces, though different wavelengths may be absorbed differently.

Q4: How does this apply to curved surfaces?
A: For curved surfaces, the law applies at each point using the local surface normal.

Q5: Is the reflected intensity the same as incident intensity?
A: No, the angle relationship is preserved but the intensity depends on surface properties and angle of incidence.