1. What is Voltage Regulation?

Voltage regulation measures the change in output voltage of a transformer from no-load to full-load conditions. It indicates how well a transformer maintains constant secondary voltage under varying load conditions.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the voltage regulation formula:

Where:

• \( V_{nl} \) — No-load voltage (secondary voltage with no load connected)
• \( V_{fl} \) — Full-load voltage (secondary voltage at rated load)
• \( VR \) — Voltage regulation percentage

Explanation: The formula calculates the percentage difference between the no-load and full-load voltages relative to the full-load voltage.

3. Importance of Voltage Regulation

Details: Good voltage regulation is crucial for stable power supply to connected equipment. Poor regulation can cause voltage fluctuations that may damage sensitive electronics or affect performance.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Measure the transformer's secondary voltage with no load connected (V_nl) and at full rated load (V_fl). Enter both values in volts. Full-load voltage must be greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is considered good voltage regulation?
A: Generally, regulation below 5% is good for most applications. Power transformers typically have 2-5% regulation.

Q2: Why does voltage drop with load?
A: Voltage drops due to transformer impedance (resistance and reactance) which causes voltage loss when current flows.

Q3: Can voltage regulation be negative?
A: Yes, with capacitive loads the full-load voltage can be higher than no-load voltage, resulting in negative regulation.

Q4: How does transformer design affect regulation?
A: Lower impedance transformers have better regulation but may have higher short-circuit currents.

Q5: Is this different for three-phase transformers?
A: The same formula applies, but measurements should be made phase-to-phase or phase-to-neutral consistently.