1. What is Surface Tension?

Surface tension (γ) is the elastic tendency of liquid surfaces to acquire the least surface area possible. For water at 20°C, the surface tension is 0.072 N/m.

2. How is Surface Tension Calculated?

The calculator uses temperature-dependent approximation:

Where:

• \( \gamma \) — Surface tension (N/m)
• \( T \) — Temperature (°C)

Note: This is a simplified approximation. Actual values may vary with purity and atmospheric conditions.

3. Importance of Surface Tension

Details: Surface tension affects capillary action, droplet formation, biological processes, and many industrial applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter temperature in °C (0-100°C range). The calculator provides surface tension of pure water at that temperature.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why does surface tension decrease with temperature?
A: Increased thermal energy reduces the intermolecular forces that create surface tension.

Q2: What is the surface tension of water at room temperature?
A: Approximately 0.072 N/m at 20°C.

Q3: How does surface tension affect everyday life?
A: It enables water striders to walk on water, causes capillary action in plants, and affects soap bubble formation.

Q4: Can surface tension be measured directly?
A: Yes, through methods like the Wilhelmy plate, Du Noüy ring, or capillary rise techniques.

Q5: How do surfactants affect surface tension?
A: Surfactants (like soap) significantly reduce surface tension by disrupting water's hydrogen bonding at the surface.