1. What is Rolling Resistance?

Rolling resistance is the force that resists the motion when a wheel rolls on a surface. For bicycles, it's primarily caused by tire deformation and surface interaction, and it increases with speed due to air resistance.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the rolling resistance equation:

Where:

• \( F_{rr} \) — Rolling resistance force (N)
• \( C_{rr} \) — Rolling resistance coefficient (dimensionless)
• \( m \) — Total mass of bicycle and rider (kg)
• \( g \) — Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s²)
• \( C_r \) — Air resistance coefficient (dimensionless)
• \( v \) — Velocity (m/s)

Explanation: The first term represents the constant rolling resistance, while the second term accounts for air resistance which increases with the square of velocity.

3. Importance of Rolling Resistance Calculation

Details: Understanding rolling resistance helps cyclists estimate the power needed to maintain speed, choose optimal tires, and improve efficiency.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Typical values are 0.002-0.01 for C_rr (road bikes ~0.005) and 0.1-0.3 for C_r. Mass should include bike + rider + cargo.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What affects the rolling resistance coefficient?
A: Tire type, pressure, width, tread pattern, and surface conditions all influence C_rr.

Q2: How does tire pressure affect rolling resistance?
A: Higher pressure generally reduces rolling resistance up to a point, but too high may decrease comfort and control.

Q3: Why does air resistance increase with speed squared?
A: The energy needed to push air aside increases exponentially with speed.

Q4: How can I reduce my rolling resistance?
A: Use smoother, narrower tires at higher pressure on smooth surfaces, and reduce unnecessary weight.

Q5: Is rolling resistance the only force cyclists face?
A: No, gravity (on hills), drivetrain friction, and bearing friction also contribute to total resistance.